Resection surgery may be used to remove strictures, either one long stricture or a group of strictures that are close to one another, or it may be used to remove severely diseased portions of the small or large intestine. The goal of the surgery is to keep as much of the healthy bowel as possible. In particular, removing long segments of the small intestine is avoided because it can lead to nutritional deficiencies.
Partial resection of the colon is not typically used to treat ulcerative colitis, as the disease tends to return in the section of the colon that is left. A total colectomy, with or without the creation of an internal pouch, is the surgery most often used to treat ulcerative colitis.
Procedure
During a resection, general anesthetic is used. The surgery may be done either through open surgery or laparoscopic surgery, but open surgery is far more common. Laparoscopic surgery is typically used only in cases where the diseased section of intestine is located in the ileum, and there are no other complications.
In open surgery, one large incision will be made. The diseased section of the bowel is clamped off and removed. After the diseased portion of the intestine is removed, the two healthy ends are attached together (called anastomosis).
In laparoscopic surgery, 3 to 4 small incisions are used. The abdomen is filled with gas so the surgeon can better see the abdominal cavity and a camera is inserted through one of the incisions.
Risks : -
Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs
Breathing problems
Heart attack or stroke
Infection, including in the lungs, urinary tract, and belly
Small Intestine Surgery
Surgery to remove a diseased or cancerous part of the small intestine (small bowel, duodenum, jejunum, and/or ileum). The surgery can be performed through a traditional, open incision, or using a laparoscopic technique, involving several smaller "keyhole" incisions.
Reasons : -
This procedure may be done to treat the following conditions : -
Bleeding, infection, or ulcers due to inflammation of the small intestine
Cancer
Crohn's disease
Intestinal blockage
Injury
Precancerous polyps
Procedure
Traditional pen incision-an incision is made into the abdomen in the area of the diseased intestine.
Laparoscopic technique-carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the abdomen through a tiny incision, often near the navel. A number of tiny incisions are made in the abdomen through a fiberoptic scope (called a laparoscope) and the surgical instruments are inserted. The laparoscope sends a view of the interior of the abdomen onto a video monitor.
In either type of surgery, once the abdomen is accessed the small intestine is clamped above and below the diseased section. This section is cut free and removed.
Depending on how much intestine is left and the health of the remaining intestine, the surgeon may be able to join the free ends of the intestine together. Otherwise, a permanent or temporary ileostomy is created to divert the intestine's waste products while it is healing. An ileostomy creates an opening (called a stoma) in the abdomen. The end of the small intestine closest to the stomach is attached to the opening. This allows intestinal contents to drain into a sealed pouch on the outside of the body.
If a temporary ileostomy is created, another operation will be necessary several months later to reverse the ileostomy. In this procedure, the two healthy ends of the intestine are joined. The abdomen is then closed with stitches, which are removed one week after surgery.
Risks : -
Reactions to medicines
Breathing problems
Large Bowel Resection
Large bowel resection is surgery to remove all or part of your large bowel. This surgery is also called colectomy. Removal of the entire colon and rectum is called a proctocolectomy. The large bowel is also called the large intestine or colon.
The large bowel connects the small intestine to the anus. Normally, stool passes through the large bowel before leaving the body through the anus.
Procedure
You will receive general anesthesia right before your surgery. This will make you unconscious and unable to feel pain. You will have either laparoscopic or open surgery.
Depending on what type you have, your surgeon will make 1 or more incisions (cuts) in your belly.
In a laparoscopic colectomy, the surgeon uses a camera to see inside your belly and small instruments to remove the part of your large bowel. You will have 3 to 5 small cuts in your lower belly. The surgeon passes the medical instruments through these cuts.
You may also have a cut of about 2 to 3 inches if your surgeon needs to put a hand inside your belly.
Your belly will be filled with gas to expand it. This makes the area easier to see and work in.
Your surgeon will remove the diseased part of your large bowel.
The surgeon will then sew the healthy ends of the bowel back together. This is called resecting.
Then your cuts will be closed with stitches.
For open colectomy, your surgeon will make 6-inch cut in your lower belly.
The surgeon will find the part of your colon that is diseased.
The surgeon will put clamps on both ends of this part to close it off.
Then the surgeon will remove the diseased part.
If there is enough healthy large intestine left, your surgeon will sew or staple the healthy ends back together. Most patients have this done.
If you do not have enough healthy large intestine to reconnect, your surgeon will make an opening called a stoma through the skin of your belly. Your large intestine will be attached to the outer wall of your belly. Stool will go through the stoma into a drainage bag outside your body. This is called a colostomy.
In most cases, the colostomy is short-term. It can be closed with another operation later. But, if a large part of your bowel is removed, the colostomy may be permanent.
Your surgeon may also look at lymph nodes and other organs, and may remove some of them.
Colectomy surgery usually takes between 1 and 4 hours.
Risks : -
Damage to nearby organs in the body
Wound infections
Wound breaks open
Bleeding inside your belly
Bulging tissue through the incision, called an incisional hernia
The edges of your intestines that are sewn together may come open. This may be life-threatening.
Scar tissue may form in your belly and cause blockage of your intestines.
Problems with the colostomy.
The list of of Gastroenterology Hospitals in India is as follows : -
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