Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the thyroid gland is removed. The thyroid gland is located in the forward part of the neck (anterior) just under the skin and in front of the Adam's apple.
All or part of the thyroid gland may be removed to correct a variety of abnormalities of the gland. If the patient has a goiter (an enlargement of the thyroid gland, causing a swelling in the front of the neck), it may cause difficulties with swallowing or breathing. Hyperthyroidism (over-functioning of the thyroid gland) produces hypermetabolism (abnormally increased use of oxygen, nutrients, and other materials).
If medication cannot adequately treat this condition, or if the patient is a child or pregnant, the thyroid gland must be removed. Both cancerous tumors and noncancerous tumors (frequently called nodules) can occur and they must be removed, in addition to some or all of the thyroid gland.
Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the front part of the neck, just under the skin and in front of the Adam's apple. This important gland regulates body metabolism through the production of thyroid hormone.
Depending on the reason for a thyroidectomy, all or part of the gland will be removed as follows : -
Patrial thyroid lobectomy: Part of one thyroid lobe is removed Thyroid lobectomy: All of one lobe is removed
Subtotal thyroidectomy: One thyroid lobe and part of the second lobe are removed
Total thyroidectomy: Thee entire gland is removed
The thyroid produces several hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and contains the parathyroid glands, which produce calcitonin.
Thyroid problems can often be treated medically, but in some cases, the thyroid needs to be removed. The extent of thyroid removal depends on the patient's condition.
Partial thyroid lobectomy- the removal of part of a lobe
Thyroid lobectomy- the removal of an entire lobe
hyroid lobectomy with isthmusectomy- the removal of the isthmus in addition to a lobe
Subtotal thyroidectomy- the removal of a lobe, the isthmus, and part of the other lobe
Total thyroidectomy- the removal of the entire thyroid gland
Risks
The risks of surgery are minimal, but might include : -
Blood loss
Infection
In addition, an occasional patient might have transient hoarseness, but this is rarely permanent. If there is thyroid cancer, you might require additional therapy.
Conditions
There is swelling at the incision site
There is bleeding at the incision site
You have a fever of 101 degrees or higher
There is a redness or warmth at the incision site
You experience tingling in your hands, feet, or lips
You notice numbness or tingling in your face, hands, or lips
Operation
The operation on the thyroid is done through an 8 cm skin crease incision across the front of the neck. The surgeon will either remove one half of the thyroid (called a thyroid lobectomy) or remove the whole thyroid (called a total thyroidectomy), depending on the abnormality of the thyroid gland. The wound gradually fades away over a period of months and usually ends up hardly being noticed at all.
Thyroidectomy is an operative procedure done most commonly by a general surgeon, or occasionally by an otolaryngologist, in the operating room of a hospital. The operation begins when an anesthesiologist puts the patient to sleep. The anesthesiologist injects drugs into the patient's veins and then places an airway tube in the windpipe to ventilate (provide air for) the patient.
The surgeon makes an incision in the front of the neck where a tight-fitting necklace would rest. He locates and takes care not to injure the parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerves, while freeing the thyroid gland from these surrounding structures. The blood supply to the portion of the thyroid gland that is to be removed is clamped off. Then all or part of the gland is removed. If cancer is present, all, or almost all, of the gland is removed.
If other diseases or a nodule is present, the surgeon may remove only part of the gland. The total amount of thyroid gland removed depends upon the thyroid disease being treated. A drain (a soft plastic tube that drains fluid out of the area) may be placed before the incision is closed. The incision is closed either with sutures (stitches) or metal clips. A dressing is placed over the incision and the drain, if one is used.
Patients generally stay in the hospital one to four days after completion of the operation.
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