Osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, hip fractures, dislocation of the hip and long term cortisone treatment for other diseases can cause degeneration of the hip joints.Degenerative disorders of the hip restrict movement of the hip joints and lessen the ability to lead a normal active life.
Hip replacement is a surgery that helps in restoring normal activities by replacing the arthritic surfaces with highly polished metal cups and pins.
Symptoms : -
Pain when bearing weight on the affected hip.
Limping.
Limitation of movement.
Limb Length Discrepancy.
Treatment : -
During a hip replacement surgery, the surgeon replaces the head of the femur and acetabulum with new, artificial parts. The new hip is made of materials that allow a natural gliding motion of the joint. The parts used to replace the joint come in two general varieties: cemented and uncemented.
Cemented parts are fastened to existing, healthy bone with a special glue or cement. Hip replacement using these parts is referred to as a "cemented" procedure. Uncemented parts rely on a process called biologic fixation, which holds them in place. This means that the parts are made with a porous surface that allows the patient's own bone to grow into the pores and hold the new parts in place. Sometimes a doctor will use a cemented femur part and uncemented acetabular part. This combination is referred to as a hybrid replacement.
Types of Hip Replacement : -
Total Hip Replacement : -The femoral head is replaced with a metal head (alloy) and the acetabular cup is replaced with a metallic (alloy) cup. High Density Polyethylene is used as an insert in the acetabulum. The femoral component can be cemented to the femoral stem (or) it can be uncemented (in younger patients). The acetabular component is usually left uncemented (+/- screws).
Hip Resurfacing : - Here only the damaged articular cartilage of the femoral head and the acetabulum are removed. A large size metal head is inserted. This can be done using the zig (or) using Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). The Acetabulum is replaced by the metal cup.This metal-on-metal technology offers the patients a long lasting implant and better restoration of joint functions.
Proxima Hip Replacement : - It consists of a large diameter metal head and cup. It resembles a total hip with the distal or long stem like portion cut away .The prosthesis is implanted only in the proximal part of the femur or thighbone. Fewer incidences of dislocation and greater longevity are its advantages.
Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) : - This is now used for both Hip Resurfacing and conventional Hip Replacement Surgery.
Bilateral Hip Replacement/Resurfacing : - This can be done under single anesthetic exposure. Rehabilitation is much quicker.
Revision Hip Replacement : - We perform the full range of Revision Hip Replacement. The Acetabulum (socket) is supported with cages and meshes and the Femoral component is then "dialed" and fitted with an Intramedullary stem. "Custom-made" prosthesis are also used.
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