Narrowed or blocked large veins can cause severe swelling and pain. Venous angioplasty is a procedure done to treat these blockages. In some cases, a metal mesh tube called a stent may then be placed into the vein to hold it open. The procedure is done by a specially trained doctor called an interventional radiologist.
Before the Procedure
Follow any instructions you are given on how to prepare, including : -
Do not eat or drink anything for 6 hours before the procedure.
Tell your radiologist what medications, herbs, or supplements you take; if you are, or may be, pregnant; or if you are allergic to contrast medium (x-ray dye) or other medications.
During the Procedure
You'll change into a hospital gown and lie on an x-ray table. An IV (intravenous) line is started to give you fluids and medications. You may be given medication to help you relax. The skin at the insertion site is numbed with medication.
A very small incision is made over the insertion site. Then, a needle with a thin guide wire is inserted through the skin into the vein. A catheter (thin, flexible tube) is placed over the guide wire into the blood vessel.
Contrast medium is injected into the blood vessel. This helps the veins show clearly on x-ray images. Using these images as a guide, the radiologist moves the catheter to the narrowed or blocked part of the vein.
When the catheter reaches the narrowed or blocked area, a special balloon attached to the catheter is inflated (angioplasty). This widens the passage through the vein.
To hold the vein open, a stent may then be inserted. To do this, a catheter with a stent attached is threaded over the guide wire. When the stent reaches the narrowed area, it is opened fully. The stent stays in the artery and the catheters and balloons are removed.
When the procedure is done, the catheter, wire, and balloons are removed. The stent remains in place.
Potential Risks and Complications
Bruising at the catheter insertion site
Damage to the vein, including worsening of blockage
Problems due to contrast medium, including allergic reaction or kidney damage
Restenosis (reblockage) of the artery, often within 6 to 18 months
After the Procedure
You may stay in the hospital for a few hours or overnight.
Drink plenty of fluids to help flush the contrast medium from your system.
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